Distance Measurement in Surveying

The types of measurement in surveying are described as given below:

1. Linear Measurement

• Definition: Measuring the horizontal or slope distance between two points.

• Tools Used: Chain, tape, Total Station, EDM, GPS.

• Examples:

  • Measuring the length of a boundary.

  • Determining the width of a road.

 2. Angular Measurement:

Angular Measurement

• Definition: Measuring the angle between two lines or directions.

• Types:

  • Horizontal Angles: Between two lines in a horizontal plane.

  • Vertical Angles: Between a line and the horizontal.

• Tools Used: Theodolite, Total Station, Compass.

• Examples:

  • Determining the angle between two property lines.

  • Calculating bearings for mapping.

3. Vertical (Elevation) Measurement:

• Definition: Measuring the difference in height (elevation) between points.

• Methods:

  • Differential leveling.

  • Trigonometric leveling.

  • Barometric leveling.

• Tools Used: Level instrument, staff, Total Station, GPS.

• Examples:

  • Determining elevation for road construction.

  • Creating a contour map.

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